national security law

Hong Kong’s 90-seat legislature passed a new national security law, known as Article 23, which updates or introduces laws to prohibit treason, sabotage, sedition, the theft of state secrets, and espionage. It includes sentences of up to life imprisonment for several offenses and up to 20 years for espionage. The law aims to tighten control over foreign political bodies and organizations in the city and includes provisions against “external interference.” The need for these laws is stipulated in Article 23 of the Basic Law, which has guided Hong Kong’s relations with China since 1997. A previous attempt to enact Article 23 in 2003 was halted after significant public protest. The law also introduces a new offense related to endangering national security through the unlawful use of computers or electronic systems, with a penalty of up to 20 years in prison. Concerns have been raised about the broad definition of state secrets and the potential impact on research and information gathering. Hong Kong’s leader, John Lee, claims the laws meet international standards and protect rights and freedoms. Additionally, Beijing imposed a national security law on Hong Kong in 2020, addressing some offenses and allowing mainland national security officers to operate in the city. China updated its own state secrets laws in 2023, with Hong Kong’s legislation aiming to be compatible with the standards of British-based common law.